نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 15، تابستان 1395)

The dialogical self-theory knows the human's mind as an internal society that its members (the types of self) are engaged in dialogue and dominance seeking as well as an external society. This theory has divided the "self" into three types: traditional (mythical), modern, and post-modern, and then mentioned the characteristics of each according to historical epoch linked with them. Proposing revision in the cited division to become more functional and liberation from the shackle of particular historical epochs and so, offering a new division, were the main aims of this analytical study. In the present research while accepting the basic idea of the dialogical self-theory and its socio historical values, "I" or "self" is divided into five types: ancestral, parental, personal, prospective, and flexible. It seems that this new division compared to the previous classification, provides a better understanding of the human mind in all times. The main suggest of this paper is scientific testing the offered division in comparative studies and individual or group clinical trials.

Zarei, Ghorbani, and Gharibi (2016) reviewed the construct of the Dark Triad in a review article. The current paper is a response to these authors. Hereby, we argue that the proposed translations of these authors into Persian language are technically problematic. In addition to shortcomings in literature review, Machiavellianism and psychopathy are not adequately addressed by Zarei et al. (2016). Importantly, as can be seen in their title, these authors claim that Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy are the abstract of scientific psychology in the last one hundred years. By providing historical evidence on the Dark Triad traits, we strongly counter these authors’ subjective opinion, suggesting that some of these constructs have appeared in psychological literature less than half a century ego. We do encourage scholars to research the utility of the Dark Triad in Iranian context, however, we simultaneously invite scholars to conduct exhaustive literature reviews. Iranian researchers who are interested to work in this area of study are also encourages to consider the limited number of works that have been already conducted on the Dark Triad in Iran. Finally, this response paper may provide a basis for Iranian personality psychologists who want to study the Dark Triad in Iranian culture to build upon.

Reading the Islamic veil as part of character formation highlights the gendered assumptions in Islamic virtue ethics, since the specific acts required for men and women to cultivate modesty are different.the pupose of this paper is showing that Ibn Miskawayh’s views open important perspectives on the place of virtue and its cultivation in the Islamic worldview. n particular, they provide a framework within which to revisit the Muslim practice of veiling, thereby allowing us to understand veiling as integral to the development of the virtue of modesty, as well as afford us a nuanced glimpse into Islamic religious theories and practices.
Elizabeth Bucar works within the Islamic and Christian traditions on issues of gender, politics, and emergent technologies (new media and medical advances). Her books include Does Human Rights Need God? (Eerdmans, 2005), Creative Conformity: The Feminist Politics of U.S. Catholic and Iranian Shi’I Women (Georgetown University Press, 2011), and The Islamic Veil: A Beginner’s Guide (Oneworld Publications, 2012). She is currently working on two new comparative projects tentatively titled The Good of Ambiguous Bodies: The Comparative Ethics of Transsexuality and Pious Fashion: The Virtues of Hijabi Fashionistas. She co-chairs the Comparative Religious Ethics Group at the American Academy of Religion and serves on the board of the Society for the Study of Muslim Ethics.

The purpose of this research is effectiveness of combined training mind theory and four-factor empathy program of emotional- social self-efficacy and bullying in students of governmental elementary schools for boys. The research is Quasi- trial (pre-test and post- test plan with control group). Statistical population of research includes all boy students who are studying in elementary school (2nd grade) in district 4 of Tehran, in the school year 2014-15. Two schools are randomly selected from district 4 of Tehran; a sample of 20 students is considered as test group and 20 students as control group and is totally 40 students. Morris children and juvenile self-efficacy questionnaire (2001) and Illinois Bully Scale (2001) and empathy questionnaire- children analysis was used for data collection. The students with lower empathy and emotional-social self-efficacy and high bully were selected and they passed the combined training of mind theory and four-factor empathy program for 10 sessions each for 1 hour. The data is analyzed through covariance method. The results represent the significant effect. The test group exposed more emotional-social self-efficacy and low bully, compared to control group.

Goal: The purpose of this study was to review the effects of religion and spirituality on physical and mental health, with particular emphasis to the cardiovascular health.
The method of this study was the analytical method.
The review of researches suggested that the religion and spirituality has many important well effects on physical and mental health and prevent of many sicknesses.
Conclude: It is important to attention to the role of religion and spirituality in health systems.

This study examined the effectiveness of group interventions program based on the parent – child relationship on mothers parenting children (ages 8-11) with ADHD. This is a trial study based on pretest -post test plan¡ the research population consisted of all mothers of children (ages 8-11) with ADHD calling on the centre of pediatrics¡ vanak and rahe sabz clinics during 2013-2014¡ by considering drop members. From all mothers referred centre of pediatrics¡ vanak and rahe sabz clinics the study samples included 30 mothers selected randomly and divided into control and experimental groups. The mothers of the experimental group have been trained during 10 sessions by group intervention program based on the parent–child relationship based on Landreth pattern. Data was collected via Arnold parenting Scale and Child Behavior Checklist Parent form (CBCL). Collected data was analyzed by U Mann-Whitney test. Results revealed program interventions based on the relationship of parent-child significantly on mothers parenting child with ADHD in experimental group compared with control one. According to these findings we may concluded that group intervention program based on parent–child relationship can have beneficial treatment effects on Improvement of mothers parenting child with ADHD.

This research aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy in improving happiness and emotional maturity of boy adolescents. The statistical population included all boy students at the ninth grade of Pakdasht city in 2015-16 academic years. This research was a queasy-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design that 50 student adolescent (each group 25 person) were selected by multistep cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to two group.The experimental group 10 sessions of 70 minutes educated by cognitive behavioral therapy and control group don’t received any education. Each two group completed the Oxford happiness questionnaire (Argyle & Lu, 1990) and emotional maturity questionnaire (Singh & Bhargava, 1990) as the pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed with assistant SPSS-19 software and by multivariate test and analysis of covariance methods. The findings show that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups (P

The aim of this study is comparison self-concept, maladuptive schema and emotional processing in cosmetic and non- cosmetic surgery people.

The study was causal-comparative Method and post-event kind. The study population included all individuals applying beauty cosmetic surgery clinic (clinic for skin, hair and beauty) and normal individuals in Ardabil, first half of 1394, of which between 120 (60 applicant cosmetic surgery and 60 non-applicants) were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data, the Young Schema Questionnaire, Rogers’s self-concept Scale and emotional processing were used. Data analysis using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed.

The results showed that the mean of scheme cuts and rejection, self-regulation, orientation and vigilant over other applicants in cosmetic surgery was higher than in non-applicant. The emotional process in the applicant for cosmetic surgery is less than non-applicants for cosmetic surgery. As well as results showed that people applying for cosmetic surgery compared with non-applicant have a negative self-concept.

As a result, it can be stated that educational interventions designed to reduce the negative Self-concept, maladaptive schema and emotional processing increased in people applying for cosmetic surgery is necessary.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of forgiveness therapy on aggression and empathy of incarcerated boy youth. Research method was pre –post test experimental design. Through all delinquents who have forgiveness issues, 24 participants were randomly selected and randomly were allocated in experimental and control groups. Instruments were the Aggression and Batson’s Empathy Adjectives test. The experimental group was trained in forgiveness therapy via eight group sessions of one hour duration each and no intervention was given to a control group. Statistical analyzed from t-test for independent groups showed that empathy significantly increased in the experimental group as compared to control group, but aggression in the experimental group was not significantly changed. Therefore, forgiveness therapy could be used significantly and effectively to increase empathy and prosocial behaviors.

Propaganda images of the ideal body for men and women during the socialization process is internalized by the people and inspires them to try, But the inability of a significant proportion of men and women in achieving the ideal body prescribed, has been led to a sharp increase body dissatisfaction and therefore the risk of to various diseases, physical and mental and social damage has been.From many perspectives researchers Body Image is a multidimensional structures, including cognitive, behavioral and emotional components. This means that not only emotional assessments of individuals of body image their bodies are incorporated but They reflect different dimensions of their value and investment behavior in order to keep these dimensions will also be included. The researchers believe that the body image as a multi-faceted structures refers to the satisfaction of the individual's current physical (size, shape, appearance). Body image is defined as the interaction between the components of perceptual or cognitive assessment body size, and the components of the situation, as a complex cognitive- behavioral-emotional response to this assessment.Like other components discussed in psychology, body image as one of the major scale in their constituent interest to theorists is different and each one based on their scientific approaches, have tried to explain and justify this important psychological component.Therefore, in this article express the urgency and importance of body image to described the review of the descriptive study in view of psychoanalysis, cognitive - behavioral, socio-cultural and also psychological theories in this area have been discussed.